🧪 SCIENCE LESSON: STATES OF MATTER (PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY)

Grade: 4th
Subject: Science
Duration: 1–2 hours

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🎯 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will be able to:

• Identify the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
• Describe the characteristics of each state.
• Understand changes of state (melting, evaporation, etc.).
• Recognize the difference between Physics and Chemistry when studying matter.

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📘 LESSON CONTENT 

🔍 What is Matter?

Matter is everything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter exists in three main states:

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

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🔬 Two Ways to Study Matter

From Physics:

• Studies movement of particles
• Studies energy (heat) and changes of state

From Chemistry:

• Studies what matter is made of
• Studies how particles are organized

👉 Key idea:
The substance does not change, only its state (physical change).

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✏️ NOTEBOOK KEY CONCEPT (FOR STUDENTS)

Matter can exist as solid, liquid, or gas.
These states depend on how particles move and how much energy they have.

In Physics, we study movement and energy.
In Chemistry, we study composition and structure.

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🧠 CHARACTERISTICS OF STATES OF MATTER

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🧱 SOLID

• Definite shape
• Definite volume
• Particles are tightly packed

Examples: rock, ice

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💧 LIQUID

• No definite shape (takes the shape of container)
• Definite volume
• Particles are close but can move

Examples: water, juice

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💨 GAS

• No definite shape
• No definite volume
• Particles are far apart and move freely

Examples: air, vapor

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🔄 CHANGES OF STATE

• Solid → Liquid: Melting
• Liquid → Gas: Evaporation
• Gas → Liquid: Condensation
• Liquid → Solid: Freezing

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🎨 CLASS ACTIVITY

🖍️ Main Activity

Draw the three states of matter.

Instructions:

• Draw solid, liquid, and gas
• Write one example for each
• Explain what happens to particles

🧪 MINI WORKSHEET (MULTIPLE CHOICE 

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🧠 1. INTERPRETATIVE COMPETENCE

Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

A. Gas
B. Liquid
C. Solid
D. Vapor

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🔍 2. ANALYTICAL COMPETENCE

What happens when water changes into vapor?

A. Melting
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Freezing

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🧩 3. APPLICATION COMPETENCE

A drink takes the shape of its container. What state is it?

A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma

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💡 4. CRITICAL THINKING

Why is air considered a gas?

A. It has a fixed shape
B. It does not occupy space
C. It has no definite shape or volume
D. It is always cold

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📊 ASSESSMENT RUBRIC