WEEK 2 – MAKING DEDUCTIONS & PREDICTIONS

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DAY 1 – Monday: Making deductions with must and might

🎲 Warm-up / Icebreaker

Game: “Guess the Object”
The teacher hides 3 objects inside a bag. Students take turns guessing using must and might.

• “It must be a book!”

• “It might be your phone!”

This introduces the target structures in a fun way.

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🧠 Previous Knowledge Activation

Ask students:

• “If your friend is wearing a uniform, what do you think he is doing?”

  • He must be at school.

  • He might be going to work.

• Connect this to the idea that we often guess based on evidence.

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📖 Conceptualization

In English, we use must and might when we make logical guesses about situations.

🔹 Must = we are sure about something because the evidence is strong.

• Structure: Subject + must + base verb.

• Same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, we, they).

✅ Examples:

• She must be tired. She studied all night.

• You must be the new student. Everyone is talking about you.

• It must be cold outside. People are wearing jackets.

❌ Negative form: We don’t use must not for deductions, we use can’t.

• He can’t be at school. It’s Sunday.

• That can’t be true. It’s impossible.

🔹 Might = something is possible, but not 100% sure.

• Structure: Subject + might + base verb.

• We use it when we are not certain.

✅ Examples:

• She might be at the library.

• They might come to the party, but I’m not sure.

• It might rain tomorrow.

❌ Negative form: might not

• She might not like coffee.

👉 Comparison with Spanish:

• must ≈ “debe ser” (certeza).

• might ≈ “puede que” (posibilidad).

• can’t ≈ “no puede ser” (imposibilidad).

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✍️ Application (3 Exercises)

1. Observation Deductions
   Teacher describes a situation: “The lights are off. The window is open.”
   Students respond: “He must be sleeping.” / “He might be outside.”

2. Picture Deduction
   Show 3 photos (student with books, person with umbrella, man with suitcase).
   Students write one must and one might sentence per picture.

3. Backpack Mystery
   Students look at a classmate’s backpack.

• “It must have notebooks.”

• “It might have snacks.”

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📚 Homework

Write 5 sentences about your house using must and might.
Example: “The TV is on. My brother must be watching a movie.”

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🌟 Closing

“When you use your logic, your English becomes stronger – trust your deductions!”

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DAY 2 – Tuesday: More practice with deductions (must / might / can’t)

🎲 Warm-up / Icebreaker

“Detective Role-play” 🕵️‍♀️
Students act as detectives solving a mystery. Teacher shows a “crime scene picture” (spilled milk, open window).

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🧠 Previous Knowledge Activation

Review Monday homework. Invite students to share 2 deductions each.

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📖 Conceptualization

This week we are learning how to use must, might, and can’t to express different levels of certainty when we make logical deductions about a situation. On Tuesday, we will go deeper into can’t, which is used for strong negative deductions — when we are sure that something is impossible.

When we use these modal verbs, we are not talking about permission or ability (like can or may sometimes do), but about logical conclusions based on evidence or context.

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Must = Logical Certainty

We use must when we are almost 100% sure that something is true.
It expresses logical certainty — our conclusion is based on clear facts or strong evidence.

✅ Example:

• He must be hungry. → We are sure he is hungry because he hasn’t eaten all day.

Other examples:

• It must be very late. Everyone is asleep.

• She must be tired after running for two hours.

In Spanish, must ≈ “debe ser” or “seguro que”.

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Might = Logical Possibility

We use might when we think something is possible, but we are not sure.
It expresses a guess or probability, not a fact.

✅ Example:

• She might be studying. → It’s possible she is studying, but we don’t know for sure.

Other examples:

• He might come to the party.

• It might rain later.

In Spanish, might ≈ “puede que” or “podría ser”.

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Can’t = Logical Impossibility

We use can’t when we are certain that something is not possible.
It expresses a strong negative deduction, meaning that based on what we know, something cannot be true.

✅ Example:

• He can’t be at school, it’s Sunday. → It’s impossible because schools are closed on Sundays.

Other examples:

• That can’t be true. He never lies.

• She can’t be at home; I just saw her downtown.

In Spanish, can’t ≈ “no puede ser” or “es imposible que”.

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✨ Summary

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✍️ Application

1. Classroom Mysteries
   Teacher describes: “There are wet shoes by the door.”
   Students: “It must be raining.”

2. Pair Work with Cards
   Each pair gets a card with a situation. They present deductions.

3. Deduction Debate
   Groups discuss: “The teacher is late. He must/might/can’t be…”

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📚 Homework

Write a detective diary (5 sentences) using must, might, can’t.

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🌟 Closing

“English makes you a detective of life – keep investigating!”

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DAY 3 – Wednesday: Introduction to predictions (will + verb)

🎲 Warm-up / Icebreaker

Fortune Teller Game 🔮
Teacher predicts students’ futures: “You will be rich. You will travel the world.”

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🧠 Previous Knowledge Activation

Ask: “How do you usually talk about the future in Spanish?”
Introduce: English uses will + verb.

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📖 Conceptualization

The modal “will” is one of the most common and important words we use to talk about the future in English. It helps us express what we think will happen, what we decide to do at the moment, or what we promise to do.

In other words, “will” is used for predictions, promises, and quick decisions made at the time of speaking. It’s part of what we call the simple future tense.

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🌟 When do we use “will”?

1. Predictions (based on what we think or believe):
   We use will to talk about things we think will happen in the future — not because we have proof, but because we believe it.
   ✅ Examples:

   • I think it will rain tomorrow.

   • She will be a great teacher one day.

   • People will live on Mars in the future.

2. Promises:
   We use will to make promises, offers, or guarantees. It shows commitment and intention.
   ✅ Examples:

   • I will always love you.

   • Don’t worry, I will help you with your homework.

   • We will be friends forever.

3. Quick decisions:
   When we decide something at the moment of speaking, we use will.
   ✅ Examples:

   • I’m thirsty — I’ll get some water.

   • That’s the phone! I’ll answer it.

   • We’re lost! I’ll ask for directions.

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🧱 Structure

Affirmative form:
👉 Subject + will + base verb

✅ Examples:

• I will study tonight.

• She will call you later.

• They will travel next month.

Important:
👉 Will does not change with he, she, or it. The form is always the same for all subjects.

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🚫 Negative form:

To make a negative sentence, we use “will not” or the contraction “won’t.”

✅ Examples:

• I will not forget your birthday.

• He won’t come to school tomorrow.

• They won’t watch TV tonight.

Both “will not” and “won’t” mean the same — the contraction just sounds more natural in everyday English.

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❓ Questions:

To ask questions, we use the following structure:

👉 Will + subject + base verb + … ?

✅ Examples:

• Will you go to the party? – Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

• Will she study English next year?

• Will they come with us?

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💬 Short answers:

When answering, we don’t need to repeat the full sentence.
We just use Yes, + subject + will or No, + subject + won’t.

✅ Examples:

• Will you help me? → Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

• Will they visit tomorrow? → Yes, they will.

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🇪🇸 In Spanish:

In Spanish, will is equivalent to the “futuro simple”, which we use to express what we will do later.

Examples:

• I will study. → “Estudiaré.”

• She will eat. → “Ella comerá.”

• We will travel. → “Viajaremos.”

So, “will ≈ haré, comeré, viajaré…”

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🧠 Summary Table

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✍️ Application

1. Predicting the Class
   Teacher: “It’s cloudy. What will happen?”
   Students: “It will rain.”

2. Pair Fortune Tellers
   Students predict each other’s future.

• “You will be a doctor.”

3. Future Board Race
   Prompts: Tomorrow… / Next year… / In 2050…
   Groups write predictions quickly.

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📚 Homework

Write 5 predictions about your family (funny or serious).

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🌟 Closing

“The future is bright – and you will speak English better each day!”

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DAY 4 – Thursday: Practice with predictions

🎲 Warm-up / Icebreaker

Lucky Numbers 🎲
Students pick a number (1–10). Each number has a future scenario:

• “Next year you will travel.”

• “You will have a pet dog.”

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🧠 Previous Knowledge Activation

Check predictions homework. Students share in pairs.

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📖 Conceptualization

The auxiliary verb “will” is very important when we talk about the future tense in English. It helps us express what we are going to do, what we think will happen, or what we decide to do at the moment of speaking.
However, will changes depending on the type of sentence we want to make: affirmative, negative, or interrogative (questions).

Let’s explore each form carefully! 🌟

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✅ Affirmative Form

In affirmative sentences, we use will to express that something will happen or that someone will do something in the future.

🧱 Structure:
👉 Subject + will + base verb

💬 Examples:

• I will go to the cinema. → (Yo iré al cine.)

• She will call her friend later. → (Ella llamará a su amiga después.)

• We will travel to the beach next month. → (Viajaremos a la playa el próximo mes.)

👉 Important: The verb does not change after will.
We always use the base form (no -s, no -ed, no -ing).

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🚫 Negative Form

When we want to say that something will not happen, we use “will not” or its contraction “won’t.”
Both mean exactly the same, but “won’t” is more common in everyday English because it sounds more natural and shorter.

🧱 Structure:
👉 Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb

💬 Examples:

• I will not eat pizza tonight. / I won’t eat pizza tonight. → (No comeré pizza esta noche.)

• He won’t play football tomorrow. → (Él no jugará fútbol mañana.)

• They won’t be late for class. → (No llegarán tarde a clase.)

🟡 Tip:
Use won’t to sound more fluent and natural when speaking.

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❓ Interrogative (Question) Form

To ask questions about the future, we invert the order of the subject and will.
This means will comes before the subject.

🧱 Structure:
👉 Will + subject + base verb + … ?

💬 Examples:

• Will you go tomorrow? → (¿Irás mañana?)

• Will she come to school? → (¿Vendrá a la escuela?)

• Will they travel next weekend? → (¿Viajarán el próximo fin de semana?)

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💬 Short Answers

In English, we often answer future questions with short and simple phrases using will or won’t.

✅ Examples:

• Will she come to school? → Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.

• Will you go to the party? → Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

• Will it rain tomorrow? → Yes, it will. / No, it won’t.

These short answers are polite, natural, and common in everyday English conversation.

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🇪🇸 In Spanish

In Spanish, will corresponds to the futuro simple, which we use to express what someone will do or not do:

• I will go to the cinema. → “Iré al cine.”

• I won’t eat pizza tonight. → “No comeré pizza esta noche.”

• Will she come to school? → “¿Vendrá a la escuela?”

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🧠 Summary Table

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✍️ Application

1. Prediction Survey
   Students ask classmates questions with will.

2. Class Horoscope
   Students invent predictions for zodiac signs.

3. Future Chain Game
   First student: “Tomorrow I will eat pizza.”
   Next adds: “He will eat pizza, and I will play football.”

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📚 Homework

Write a “future letter” to yourself in 2035 (5–6 sentences).

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🌟 Closing

“Every word you learn is building your future – keep going!”

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DAY 5 – Friday: Mixed practice (deductions + predictions)

🎲 Warm-up / Icebreaker

“What will/must be happening?”
Teacher shows funny pictures → Students create both deductions and predictions.

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🧠 Previous Knowledge Activation

Quick quiz: Students decide if 5 sentences are deductions or predictions.

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📖 Conceptualization

In English, we use different modal verbs and auxiliary verbs to express ideas about the present or future — such as what we think is true (deductions) or what we believe will happen (predictions).
Let’s review both concepts together to understand how they work and when to use each one.

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🔍 1. Deductions (Logical Thinking)

When we make a deduction, we use logic or evidence to say what we think is true about a situation.
We are not describing facts — we are expressing our conclusion based on what we know or observe.

We use must, might, and can’t for this purpose, depending on how sure we are.

🧱 Structure:
👉 Subject + must / might / can’t + base verb

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🟩 Must = Logical Certainty (Almost 100% sure)

We use must when we are sure that something is true because we have strong evidence.

✅ Examples:

• He must be tired. → We are almost certain because he worked all day.

• It must be late; everyone is asleep.

🗣️ In Spanish: “Debe ser…”

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🟨 Might = Logical Possibility (50% sure)

We use might when something is possible, but we are not sure.

✅ Examples:

• She might be at the park. → It’s possible, but not confirmed.

• He might come later.

🗣️ In Spanish: “Puede que…” / “Podría ser…”

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🟥 Can’t = Logical Impossibility (0% sure)

We use can’t when something is not possible. We are sure it’s false based on the facts.

✅ Examples:

• He can’t be at school; it’s Sunday.

• That can’t be true. He never lies.

🗣️ In Spanish: “No puede ser…”

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🌤️ 2. Predictions (Future Ideas)

When we talk about what we think will happen in the future, we use the auxiliary verb will.
This form expresses predictions, beliefs, or decisions about future actions.

🧱 Structure:
👉 Subject + will + base verb

✅ Examples:

• She will call me. → Prediction about the future.

• It will rain tomorrow. → Based on what we think or believe.

• They will be happy to see you. → Logical assumption about emotions.

🗣️ In Spanish: “Llamará”, “Lloverá”, “Serán felices”.

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📋 Review Table

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💡 Key Differences

• Deductions talk about the present or current situations — what we logically think is true.

• Predictions talk about the future — what we believe or expect will happen.

🧠 Example comparison:

• He must be tired. → (Deduction: I see he looks sleepy now.)

• He will be tired later. → (Prediction: I think he will feel that way in the future.)

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✍️ Application

1. Mystery Future
   Teacher describes present clues. Students make deductions and predictions.

2. Group Story
   Groups invent a story mixing deductions and predictions.

3. Debate: The Future of Technology
   Students: “In 2050, people will live on Mars.”
   Others: “It might not be possible.”

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📚 Homework

Write a one-page essay: “In 2050, the world will…” Include at least 5 predictions and 3 deductions.

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🌟 Closing

“You are detectives and fortune tellers with English – use your logic and imagination!”